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"Ouch!  So, that's   what happens."

Project: Clotting Cascade

please download QuickTime

resolution 150  x 102, 2.4 Mb

Originally produced for a CDROM (and reduced in size here for the internet) this is one of  four animations demonstrating the clotting cascade - a sequence of events that happens to repair damage after a wound occurs.

Blood Facts:

Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943), a Viennese physician, discovered that when  blood samples taken from certain people were mixed together the red blood cells clumped together - yet  in others the clumping did not occur.  This clumping is due to antigens, reactive compounds,  on the surfaces of the red blood cells. Landsteiner discovered that human blood could be sorted into four different types based on antigen patterns the blood carried:  A, B, A + B, and neither A nor B.  This gave rise to our current ABO blood grouping system.  For his pioneering work on blood and physical-chemical  immunity theory Karl Landsteiner won a 1930 Nobel Prize.

Hemophilia is a hereditary disease where the blood does not clot properly and is caused by a deficiency in either antihemophilic factors VIII or IX.. Bleeding can occur into the soft tissues, muscles, and joints. Fatal bleeding can happen even after a minor injury or surgical procedure.  Treatment of this disease involves increasing the deficient factors to a normal level.

By the 1920's, thermocautery was introduced to repair detached retinas.

Today, Electrocautery is performed using specific probes or instruments (as the Remorgida, above), which have electric current running through them, to cauterize the tissue.

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