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Project: HIV-1 Virion - click to see animation The HIV-1 virion, illustrated above, is an enveloped lentivirus containing 72 external spikes. The HIV-1 lipid bilayer is also studded with various host proteins. The cone-shaped, retroviral core contains several enzymes and two copies of the single-stranded HIV-1 genomic RNA that is associated with the various preformed viral enzymes, including the reverse transcriptase, integrase, ribonuclease, and protease. This model is an original built by LifeHouse Productions using the latest published material (1999) describing the structure of this virion. Facts on AIDS and HIV-1 the following are excerpts from: Microbiology 4th ed., Prescott Harley Klein, McGraw-Hill, Boston, 1999. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the first great pandemic of the second half of the 20th century. First described in 1981 AIDS is the result of an infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a lentivirus within the family Retroviridae. The groups most at risk in acquiring AIDS are (in descending order of risk) homosexual/bisexual men; intravenous (IV) drug users, prostitutes, and bisexuals; transfusion patients or hemophiliacs who must receive clotting factor preparations made from donated blood; and children born of infected mothers. The mortality rate from AIDS is extremely high. AIDS is caused primarily by the HIV-1 virus. This virus is a retrovirus and closely related to HTLV-1, the cause of adult T-cell leukemia. The AIDS virus is acquired by direct exposure of a person's bloodstream to body fluids (blood, semen, vaginal secretions) containing the virus through sexual contact or perinatally from an infected mother to her fetus. For more information about HIV and AIDS call the CDC National HIV/AIDS Hotline 800.342.2437 (English) | 800.344.7432 (Spanish) | 800.243.7889 (TDD) Your state or local health department can also provide information. |
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